Thursday, June 14, 2012

Review: Clarke, The Photograph, 1997


At the OCA forums, more than a few students complained about the academic density of this text.  Even some of the reviews at Amazon complained about the opacity of the language.   I was expecting the worst.  But having just finished the first chapter I can say that the reviewers are right – and wrong. 



Clarke notes at the outset that the book is a collection of essays, so perhaps it wouldn’t be fair to read each as a chapter in a longer work, even though the arrangement of the essays suggests a book-length treatment with a loose chronologic order.  It begins with a chapter of definition – what is a photograph?  Clarke provides a short history of photography to show how a photograph at various levels meant different things at different periods of time.  At the physical level, we went from one-of-a-kind daguerreotypes to mass produced prints from negatives;  at the level of practice, from professional to amateur;  at the level of meaning, from representing reality to representing something beyond reality.    This seems like it might be a fairly standard treatment of the subject.  The language was accessible, the writing clear. 

Within the first paragraph, though, I had written “why?” in the margin next to this assertion about photographs:  “And yet such a common status belies their underlying complexity and difficulty...”  I imagine that if I were to ask my 18-year old students what a photograph was, each would be able to give me a reasonably sufficient definition, one that a person from nearly any culture, if they shared a language, could understand. Are photographs really so difficult – or are they difficult only to academics?  He notes how out of an infinite number of photographers and photographs, the canon of the art is represented by at best 200 names and a limited number of images.   Who has made this so?   The last paragraph of the essay suggests the answer.

Clarke presents the following photo as one which can highlight the six aspects of a photograph he has just summarized:  size, space (or shape), selection (or framing), depth, color, and time.  To me, it appears to be a photo of a pear, next to a line drawing of a pear on printed text.   What is most striking are the contrast in textures:  the smooth pear, the rough wood, the dinged-up and rusty hinges, and the discolored and creased paper.   It’s an appealing photo.  Clarke sees this:

“Thus, the pear is reconstituted, and referred to other contexts and meanings.  The obvious subject matter is rendered problematic, and the question of definition becomes basic.  In essence, what Parker’s image suggests is that the photograph, far from being a literal or mirror image of the world, is an endlessly deceptive form of representation.  As an object it announces it presence, but resists definition.  It is, in the end, a sealed world to which we bring meaning; a complex play of presence and absence.”  p25

I had to read this a couple of times before I could agree with the main idea.  What is a photo?  In this case, it’s a representation of the items the artist arranged for the purpose of photographing.   Are there other possible meanings?  Of course, and as Clarke suggests, we bring those to the photograph.   What’s problematic is not the subject, but Clarke’s interpretation of it.   He seems to be forcing this little photo to make a big statement, and in language that is less than clear.

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