Review: Wells, Photography: A Critical Introduction: Ch 2: Surveyors and Surveyed, 4th ed, 2009, CONTINUED

From the Bolton Worktown project, a part of Mass Observation.   http://boltonworktown.co.uk/

The Construction of Documentary

In this section Price examines documentary as first defined in the 1930s, quoting Stott from 1973 on the primacy of unassailable content, content “inaccessible to critical engagement.”  (p 93) Since the camera was believed to be able to capture and reproduce reality, photographs were irrefutable proof. Price also notes in the succeeding section of this chapter that documentary photographs did not function in and of itself, but most always in support of text, to confirm what was written. Photographs were published largely anonymously.

Price covers three projects in this section, beginning with Mass Observation, an anthropological survey of British life in the 1930s, for which a number of photographers gathered images on the typical behavior of English citizens.  Their brief was to remain aloof, impartial, unobserved, to gather data without interfering with their subjects.  As one photographer is quoted about his approach to this work, “I was somebody from another planet.”  The point was to make what seemed ordinary strange in order to be able to examine underlying assumptions and identify patterns.  Unfortunately, what became of this work and of its conclusions Price does not say.  He does, however, note that much documentary work of the 30’s recorded conditions with the assumption they could be ameliorated, but never challenged the political-economic structures that bred such conditions.

Review: Wells, Photography: A Critical Introduction: Ch 2: Surveyors and Surveyed, 4th ed, 2009

Political rage against Arthur Rothstein's staged image, 1936.  More:  http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/10/18/the-case-of-the-inappropriate-alarm-clock-part-1/#more-11487

Documentary and Photojournalism: Issues and Definitions

Chapter author Derrick Price begins by noting that documentary has been described variously as a form, a genre, a tradition, a style, a movement and a practice.  To arrive at some understanding of something so intractable, he finds it necessary to examine the history of documentary practices, products, practitioners, and consumers.

The word documentary was first used in 1926 in relation to cinema and a particular kind of film in opposition to Hollywood fiction.  Solomon-Godeau (1991) has observed that almost all 19th century photography can be described as documentary.  While most academics concede that documentary has no defining style or technique, what sets it apart is its basis in investigation and “a goal beyond the production of a fine print.”  (Ohrn 1980)  In many cases, the photographer’s intention is not only to observe, but in doing so to bring attention that may change the conditions documented.